1. Rydberg atoms
  2. Research
  3. Research topics
  4. Rubidium team

Rubidium team

People

Permanent staff: Clément Sayrin, Michel Brune, Jean-Michel Raimond, Serge Haroche

PhD students: Andrés Durán-Hernández, Gautier Creutzer, Aurore-Alice Young, Abderrahmane Kassid

In the picture: Yohann Machu (PhD, alumni), Victor Delapalme (L3 intern, alumni)

Summary

In our experiment, we laser-trapped Rubidium-87 atoms in an array of optical tweezers . We excite the atoms to circular Rydberg levels and, then, laser-trap them in an array of hollow optical beams. Thanks to the laser trap, and given the strong interactions between circular Rydberg atoms and their long lifetime in the cryogenic environment , the array of interacting atoms is left unaffected over many interaction cycles. This should enable, e.g., the study of the dynamics of condensed-matter systems over long times, their response to quenches or their thermalisation properties, phenomena that are beyond the reach of numerical simulations.

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Research

Interacting Circular Rydberg Atoms

We report in this work the first measurement and characterization of the resonant dipole-dipole interaction between two circular Rydberg atoms. We trap the circular Rydberg atoms in optical bottle beams and measure their interaction through microwave spectroscopy. We measure the strength of their interaction as a function of the interatomic distance and their orientation with respect to the applied electric field, which sets the quantization axis. We find excellent agreement with theoretical predictions, namely that the interaction scales as $(1-3\cos^2\theta)/d^3$. We also demonstrate a dynamic control over the strength of the interaction by tuning the orientation of an electric field.

We then use the interaction between the circular Rydberg atoms as a meter for the interatomic distance. This allows us to record the relative motion between two atoms in their traps. This motion, that we induce through the interaction between Rydberg levels with permanent electric dipoles, transiently populated during the preparation of the circular states, is a signature of spin-motion coupling.

Linked publications

Laser Trapping of Circular Rydberg Atoms

We demonstrate in this work the first laser-trapping of circular Rydberg atoms. Circular Rydberg atoms are prepared from a gas of laser-cooled Rubidium-87 atoms in a cryogenic environment. The atoms are excited within a hollow Laguerre-Gaussian beam prepared with a spatial light modulator. The hollow beam acts as a two-dimensional repulsive barrier for the Rydberg atoms thanks to the induced ponderomotive shift. We observe the inhibition of the thermal cloud (T = 10µK) expansion in the trap, in the direction orthogonal to the beam propagation direction. We observe no loss from the trap within the 10ms of the experiment and no effect on the circular Rydberg lifetime and coherence time. We also induce oscillations of the Rydberg atoms in the trap and measure the trap frequency.

Our method is very general and opens many opportunities for quantum technologies with Rydberg atoms. The 10 ms trapping time corresponds to thousands of interaction cycles in a circular-state-based quantum simulator. It is also promising for quantum metrology and quantum information with Rydberg atoms, by bringing atom-field interaction times into unprecedented regimes.

Linked publications

Long-lived circular Rydberg atoms in a cryostat

The exquisite properties of circular Rydberg atoms make them particularly appealing for emergent quantum technologies. However, to benefit from their long natural lifetimes, of a few 10ms, requires laser-cooled atoms and a cryogenic environment reducing the blackbody radiation temperature. At room temperature, microwave blackbody radiation induced transfers limit the lifetime of the circular levels to a few 100 µs. 

In this work, we demonstrate the preparation of circular Rydberg levels from a gas of laser-cooled atoms in a cryostat. Rubidium-87 atoms are laser-cooled in a mirror magneto-optical trap and further cooled-down to 10µK in optical molasses. We then excite them to the circular Rydberg level with a principal quantum number of n=52 and found his lifetime to be 3.7 ms. By monitoring the transfers between adjacent circular levels, we estimate  in situ the microwave BBR temperature to be (11 ± 2) K. The measured atomic coherence time (270 μs) is limited here only by technical magnetic field fluctuations. This work opens interesting perspectives for quantum simulation and sensing with cold circular Rydberg atoms.

Linked publications

List of publications

5630436 CXD97Y4U 1 nature 51 date desc 1 title 263 https://www.lkb.fr/rydbergatoms/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
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News and events

Paper accepted in PRR

Our paper entitled Tailoring interaction ranges in atom arrays has just been accepted in Phys. Rev. Research. In a collaboration with the team of Johannes Schachenmayer (CESQ, Strasbourg), we show that the interaction between circular Rydberg atoms can be tuned via the use of auxiliary atoms excited to low-angular-momentum Rydberg levels.

T. Botzung et al., arXiv2508.02815 (2025)

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